空间相机CCD像面拼接重叠像元数分析与计算

针对一类具有分段仿射形式的混杂系统模型的控制方法问题,提出了一种高效显式模型预测控制算法。该算法通过将最优控制问题转化为多参数规划问题,离线求得具有分段仿射形式的显式控制器;在线过程,应用一种新的搜索算法,它能够快速准确的对系统状态点进行定位,确定其所属的控制器分区,再根据该分区所对应的子控制率,进行简单的线性运算,即可得到系统的输入。该控制方法避免了反复的在线优化计算,大大减少了计算量,并且,在线计算的速度更快,控制的实时性更好。将该算法应用到具有典型混杂特性的两容水箱系统中,仿真结果表明：水箱的液位从初始液位能够快速平稳的达到期望的液位,且与其它的控制算法相比较,该算法更加高效。     

多移动机器人的目标跟踪研究

本文主要对低温真空球罐三维可视化温度在线监测系统进行介绍,在真空球罐外罐内壁、内罐外壁、夹层、垂直支架等部位安装温度传感器,通过LabVIEW数据采集板卡实时采集温度信号,在Pro－E中建立球罐三维模型,划分网格后导入到LabVIEW环境中,将采集到的温度信号通过空间插值算法映射到模型中,直观显示真空球罐的整体温度信息,同时,通过LabVIEW三维模型场景对象属性节点和方法节点开发了模型隐藏、剖分、透视以及拾取传感器点等多样化功能,该套在线监测系统已经投入使用,整体性能表现优异,尤其是直观新颖的三维可视化操作界面受到操作人员的一致好评。     

Preconcentration of samples in sandwich tanks for continuous thin-layer chromatography

It is demonstrated that horizontai sandwich tank with two cover plates can be used to preconcentrate sample solutions. Narrow sharply-defined starting zones are obtained just outside the smaller cover plate when the series of spots of the sample solution are applied on the thin layer and predeveloped with a volatile solvent. After evaporation of the solvent, the whole area of the TLC-plate is covered with two plates and developed with a suitable solvent.     

分级型放射肋短壳结构集中力扩散优化设计

在航天箭体结构设计中,燃料贮箱因其特殊的连接形式往往受较大的集中力作用。传统的放射肋短壳结构被用来扩散集中力以减小其造成的危害,但实际效果并不理想。本文基于拓扑优化的概念设计,综合实际短壳结构承载环境和可制造性,提出了一种"分级型放射肋"贮箱短壳结构。围绕刚度、强度、减重、稳定性和集中力扩散效果等多种需求,基于NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法建立了多目标优化问题模型。通过形状和尺寸的协同优化策略,得到多目标优化的最优Pareto解集。通过三层级、两层级、单一层级最优设计与传统均匀放射肋设计的对比,验证了分级型放射肋设计的优势和效果;之后,结合实际工程要求选择合理的设计方案。     

连续搅拌槽式反应器中自催化化学反应的延迟同步

讨论了由两个连续搅拌槽式反应器组成的化学反应系统的延迟同步问题.基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,通过选择适当的输出和同步信号得到了使反应实现延迟同步的控制函数,并用数值模拟验证了方法的有效性.最后指出延迟同步误差系统存在着两种不同的时间尺度. 关键词： 延迟同步 化学反应 连续搅拌槽式反应器 时间尺度     

热泵中定容水箱保温率的研究

提出定容水箱保温率的概念及其方程。为此,本实验对定容水箱自然冷却过程中各热力参数进行了测量。根据实验所测数据及相关公式推导,得到保温率方程的经验函数关系式。同时,通过对测量曲线和经验函数曲线的拟合,验证了定容水箱保温率方程。     

Production of Raw Starch-Saccharifying Thermostable and Neutral Glucoamylase by the Thermophilic Mold <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae</Emphasis> in Submerged Fermentation

Among physical and nutritional parameters optimized by “one variable at a time” approach, four cultural variables (sucrose, MgSO₄ ^.7H₂O, inoculum size, and incubation period) significantly affected glucoamylase production. These variables were, therefore, selected for optimization using response surface methodology. The p-values of the coefficients for linear effect of sucrose and inoculum size were less than 0.0001, suggesting them to be the key experimental variables in glucoamylase production. The enzyme production (34 U/ml) attained under optimized conditions (sucrose, 2%; MgSO₄ ^.7H₂O, 0.13%; yeast extract, 0.1%; inoculum size, 5 × 10⁶ spores per 50 ml production medium; incubation time, 48 h; temperature, 40°C; and pH 7.0) was comparable with the value predicted by polynomial model (34.2 U/ml). An over all 3.1-fold higher enzyme titers were attained due to response surface optimization. The experimental model was validated by carrying out glucoamylase production in shake flasks of increasing capacity (0.25–2.0 l) and 22-l laboratory bioreactors (stirred tank and airlift), where the enzyme production was sustainable. Furthermore, the fermentation time was reduced from 48 h in shake flasks to 32 h in bioreactors.     

Standardisierung der dünnschichtchromatographischen Trennungen von Flechtensäuren zur Chemotaxonomie von Flechten

Zusammenfassung Die dünnschichtchromatographische Trennung von Flechtenextrakten zur Unterstützung der Taxonomie wurde in Bezug auf die Trennleistung und auf die Reproduzierbarkeit optimiert. Dabei wurden besonders gute Trennleistungen erhalten mit dem Flie?mittelgemisch Benzol:Dioxa:Eisessig=90∶25∶4 bei Verwendung von Kieselgel, dessen Aktivit?t durch eine Umgebung mit relativer Feuchte von 70% festgelegt wurde, und mit Methylenchlorid als Eluiermittel bei Verwendung von mit Oxals?ure impr?gniertem Kieselgel und antiparallelem Aktivit?tsgradienten. Eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der Trennungen wurde erreicht durch Verwendung der Vario-KS-Kammer nach Geiss, die die Einstellung einer definierten Schichtaktivit?t bzw. eines definierten Aktivit?tsgradienten und eine reproduzierbare Vorbedampfung der Schicht mit Flie?mittel erm?glicht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, da? durch unterschiedliche chromatographische Trennungen der gleichen Extrakte und durch die Verwendung verschiedener Anf?rbereagenzien die Identifizierung und damit die Aussagekraft für taxonomische Probleme steigt.

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Standardisation of the thin-layer chromatographic separation of lichen acids for the chemotaxonomy of lichens

Summary The thin-layer chromatography of lichen extracts for taxonomic studies has been optimized in relation to separation and to reproducibility. Especially good separations were found with benzene:dioxane:acetic acid (90∶25∶4) developer and silica gel thin-layer plates, whose activity was fixed by an ambient moisture content of 70%, and with methylene chloride developer and silica gel plates impregnated with oxalic acid and antiparallel activity gradient. High reproducibility of separation was obtained using the Geiss Vario-KS tank, which allows the activity of the plates or the activity gradient to be adjusted and which also allows reproducible exposure of plates to the vapour of developing solvents. By different chromatographic separations of the same extracts and by using different colour reactions the accuracy of identification for taxonomic studies has been improved.

     

The reactions of perfluorinated α- and β-alkoxyradicals with hydrogen chloride, chlorine and fluorine

The kinetics of the reactions of the macroradicals R_f′OCF₂ (I) and R_f′OCF₂CF₂ (II) with HCl, Cl₂ and F₂ have been studied in the liquid phase, being R_f′ a poly(oxydifluoromethylene-oxytetrafluoroethylene) chain with average molecular weight of about 10⁴ Da. Radical (I) showed a higher reactivity compared to radical (II) with all the three radical transfer agents.In case of HCl the activation energy for the reaction: